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2015.3月托福阅读考试真题
篇一:preventing,overgrowth,among,tree,branches
2015.3月托福阅读考试真题
R1： 金星/地球液态水的不同
金星与地球有很多相同点。两者最大的区别：与太阳的位置。其实金星和地球曾经都是有很多水，但是正是因为金星离太阳近，水蒸发了，大气剩下了CO2，但是地球的液态水流的比较好，而且有很多river valley，这些水不仅对于生命的存活很重要，而且也改变了地貌。
【解析】本篇是天文/地质相结合的文章。两类行星：类地行星(Terrestrial planets)和类木行星(Jovial planets)是大家会接触到的内容。金星和地球同属terrestrial planets，所以性质是相同的，组成皆以rocks为主: Dense rocky andmetallic material, with minor amounts of gases，关于两类行星的特点和性质，建议备考的同学还是要去熟悉的!此篇章不排除之后会有重复考察的可能。托福真题80分班讲义第3个篇章Running Water on Mars，看题目就觉得是这个篇章的“孪生兄弟”，只不过《火星上的液态水》叙述的角度是通过照片证据试图去证明火星上曾经有水，但是这个篇章涉及两个讨论对象
(Venus/Earth)，建议大家在阅读的时候要注意选项的“张冠李戴”，“半对半错”以及“答非所问”，尤其要关注选项无中生有的一些副词、形容词、绝对词和比较词。另外推荐阅读TPO16-3 Planets in Our Solar System，希望大家以此为基础，去进一步探究天外“星星”，有效结合外文网站，做好学科词汇和背景知识的储备。
R2： 埃及首都的选择
埃及首都在选择的时候考虑的是管理，其中涉及到3个城市，为什么不选另外两个城市，是因为另外两个城市和一个地方很远，所考虑的首都选址交通贸易都很方便。
【解析】本篇于历史类文章，选址类的文章对我们来说是不陌生的，从篇章的结构来看，写法以并列/对比为主，类似的文章容易考察讨论对象之间的优/劣势比较，正如21-2 The Origins of Agriculture，agriculture逐渐代替huntingand gathering，其实农业相较于狩猎采集其实是有劣势的，但最终还是发展起来了，接下来就说明农业本身的优势。《埃及首都的选择》也是异曲同工，结构非常清晰，考察的还是大家的细致度以及词汇/句子储备情况。
R3： 欧洲人口增长
工业革命及农业的发展，人们的生活质量提高，人口也越来越多。
农业为何发展?新的土地可以耕作，新技术的发展，交通的发展。期间有个example(土豆作为例子)目的：为了说明某些地区农业失败的案例
人口增长导致城市化现象，农村人口为了寻找new job来到城市，进而导致城市死亡率增加 解决方案：食物供给提高;卫生条件的改善等
【解析】本文属于历史类题材，历史类题材的篇章大抵会按照时间顺序、现象原因解释、问题及解决措施等方式进行写作，本篇融合第二、三两种情况，在阅读的过程中读者会较多的体会到环环相扣的感觉，文章不难，而且促进人口增长的原因都在大家的掌控之中，不会
出现难以理解的关于原因的细节。关于欧洲人口增长的原因，大家课下也可以去进行探究性阅读.。
阅读真题词汇
A卷共考察11道单词题;其中命中2014年词汇机经数目为8道，分别是：
relentless(2014.8.23)
significant(2014.11.2/2014.3.22/2014.7.12)
modest2014.9.27和2014.3.16)
consequently(2014.11.15和2014.6.15)
component(2014.11.8)
confined to(2014.8.30)
diffusion(2014.12.28和2014.5.24)
obliged(2014.9.21和2014.3.1)
考察的四级单词与托福词汇的比例为8：2，而所考词relentless并未被收录在四级和托福词汇书中，不过该词在TPO30-3 The Invention of the Mechanical Clock的Paragraph 5中出场。而其它所考单词也均在TPO中有过亮相，因此这一套词汇题较为简单，认真准备过我所给的2014年词汇机经的同学们应该在词汇题上不会有太大问题。
3月7日托福阅读B卷三篇文章与之前提到的今年至今的老题拼盘规律吻合(2015.1.10除外)：3篇文章1篇重复2014年下半年考题，1篇重复2012年或2013年考题;1篇未在近两年内大陆机经出现过;1篇文章重复2014.6.29考题，讲述了19世纪中后期欧洲(西欧)人口的增长的原因;1篇文章重复2013.8.25考题，讲述埃及选都的历史;1篇文章虽然内容上不与近两年机经吻合，但其主题——金星和地球上的水的对比与2014.4.12一篇文章以及2013.10.12(北美)一篇文章的主题相同。
B卷共考察11道单词题;其中命中2014年词汇机经数目为9道,分别是:
vicinity(2014.12.6和2014.4.19),
vast(2014.12.6和2014.1.12);
capacity(2014.6.29);
drastically(2014.6.29和2014.4.12);
surpass(2014.6.29);
kept pace with(2014.6.29);
inevitable(2014.6.29/2014.11.8/2014.8.23/2014.5.11);
ultimately(2014.12.13/2014.7.6/2014.4.12/2014.3.23);
modify(2014.8.23/2014.4.12)
考察的四级单词与托福词汇的比例为8：3;
所有词汇均在TPO中出现过，因此这一套题的词汇题也是比较简单的，小伙伴们应该尽可能快且准的拿下分数;如果无法做到，则需要在基础词汇的积累上再下功夫，直至能够靠认知秒选这一部分单词题。
从最终统计来看，这一次阅读部分的6篇文章没有一篇来自一直以来最为常考的生物学话题，而主要以另一类常考话题：历史类话题为主(4篇)，同时混有1篇天文学，1篇产业发展的文章;而从题目难度上看，由于这一次两套阅读部分的词汇题基础单词考出比相当高，且大多重复了2014年下半年的题目，因此如果认真准备了词汇机经的同学以及词汇基础本身就很好的小伙伴在单词题上应该势如破竹;而真正的分数角力将在与文章内容理解相关的题目上展开，这就需要同学们在平时要沉心积累、训练句子以及文段的结构与逻辑理解能力，
这才是提分的王道!
而对于平时的单词困难户来说，我只想问一句：你们打算好好准备词汇机经了么?
特别提示：
2015年1月11日至2月1日大陆托福考试拼盘情况分别为：
1月11日：Bird Song重复2014.9.27B卷;The Plow and Horse in Medieval Europe重复2013.10.5北美题;The Role of Diapause不对应近两年大陆机经
1月25日：Early Life form and Earth’s Atmosphere重复2014.6.15大陆题;The Origins of plant and animal domestication重复2012.11.17北美题;Preventing overgrowth among tree branches不对应近两年大陆机经
2015全国卷高考一模 英语
篇二:preventing,overgrowth,among,tree,branches
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、c和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fastasleep. A few dogs started barking at it. Theelephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased thedogs into the village where they ran for safety.
That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozenhouses and injured several people. The villagers werescared and angry. Then someone suggested callingParbati, the elephant princess.
Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ridean
elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephantround - up – how to catch wild elephants.
Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, shewas sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and manyyears later she went back to her old fife. "Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is anadventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase," she says.
But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. "My work," she says,
"is to rescue man fromthe elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man.
" And this is exactly what Parbati hasbeen doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry : for many years, illegalhunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land- Itis now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called toguide the animals back to the jungle be- fore they can kill. The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer willspend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant.
" Eventually they grow tolove their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans, " she said, asshe climbed up one of her
elephants and sat on die giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!
21. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to __
A. get long lasting excitement
B. keep both man and elephants safe
C. send them back to the jungle
D. make the angry elephants tame
22. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school,
A. she spent her time hunting with her father
B. she learned how to sing love songs
C. she had already been called an elephant princess
D. she was taught how to hunt tigers
23. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because ___
A. they are caught and sent for heavy work
B. illegal hunters capture them and kill them
C. they are attacked and their land gets limited
D. dogs often bark at them and chase them
24. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India ______.
A. people easily fall victim to elephants' attacks
B. the man - elephant relationship is getting worse
C. elephant tamers are in short supply
D. dogs are as powerful as elephants
B
Big messaging apps abroad
While WeChat is China's biggest mobile messaging app (应用软
件) there are many equivalentapps in other countries that offer similar features.
WhatsApp (US)
Users: more than 300 million?
Platforms: Android, 10S, Windows Phone, BlackBerry
Features. Text chat, push-to-talk, file sharing, location sharing
With more than 300 million active users, WhatsApp is one of WeChat's biggest competitors.
Developed by two ex-Yahoo, employees in 2009, WhatsApp originally focused on text chat, butonAug6 it also started push - to - talk service. It's noted for its accessibility, ease of use andthe absence (没
有) ofadverts. The service is free for the first year, after which $ 0.99 (6. 06yuan) is charged for a one -year
subscription.
Kakao Talk (South Korea)
Users- more than 100 million
Platform Android, iOS, W.ndo.s Phone. BlackBerry and Bada (an operate system developed bySamsung)
Features. Text chat, group chat, push - to - talk, group calls, file sharing With .ore than 100 million users in .ore than 230 countries, Kakao Talk is a multi - platform ( 多平
台 ) texting application that allows users to send and receive messages for tree. WithKakao Talk, userschoose from more than 250 animated emoticons and share them withfriends.
Line (Japan)^
Users: more than 200 million
Platforms. Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and PC
Features. Text chat, group chat, push - to - talk, file sharing, location sharing, gaming, stickers.
Linne tops the list of the most downloaded free apps in 52 countries. Apart from text and voicemessaging , Line provides its users with more than 250 original stickers and emoticons to buyfrom ,. own shop. In the first quarter of 2013 alone. it made $ ,7 million just from stickers. Thepopular app also allows friends to battle each other in the LINE Game.
25. The first paragraph of the passage is nsed to.
A. introduce the most popular mobile messaging apps in China
B. talk about new features in the latest mobile messaging apps
C. draw readers' attention to various popular mobile messaging apps
D. explain how mobile messaging apps have become so popular
26. Compared with the other two apps, which of the following features makes Line stand out?
A. Group mobile games. B. Free stickers and emoticons.
C. Free download of the app.D. Text and group chat.
27. One of the popular features of WhatsApp is that users ..
A. can send and receive messages for free B can enjov live video chats within groups
C. don't need to worry about unwanted ads D. regularlv set free stickers and emoticons
C
Chinese consumers' crazy appetite for luxurygoods and services appears unstoppable, with just 2percent of the Chinese population responsible forone-third of the world's luxury items.
As China's economic miracle develops, the marketopportunities for all sorts of luxury goods andservices are increasing. Luxury consumption in Chinanow extends way beyond well - known car. Clothingand jewelry brands. For example, the luxury jetmarket ,n China is the fastest - growing in the world, even outstripping that of the UnitedStates, with a market share of 25 percent. This trend appears to
continue, with 20 to 30 percent growth expected in China, compared with only 2 to 3 percent inthe US. But more important, China's luxury jet market growth represents a major developmentin the private
consumption of luxury items.
China's high - quality red wine market also provides evidence of the growth in privateconsumption ofluxury goods. In 2013, China became the largest market for red? wine? in theworld, even overtakingthe French, with 1.
86 billion bottles consumed in China last year. Overthe past five years, China's redwine consumption has grown 136 percent.
According to my ongoing consumer research in this area while working at the University of
International Business and Economics in Beijing, public consumption of such expensive globalluxury brands such as Prada and Armani is easily explained by the desire to "gain face" andpublicly display socialclimbing through material possesses. On the other hand, it is "self-reward" that lies behind consumermotivation in this area Chinese consumer, who haveexperienced rapid financial and economic gainsappear particularly prone to the need to rewardthemselves for their success. But this has little to do with"gaining face" and impressing othersand much more to do with the need for personal contentment. Finally, the growth in private luxury consumption in China is set to continue in part due to the
maturity of the Chinese consumer and advancement of Chinese consumer culture generally.
28. What do you think the author would most probably be?
A. A news reporter, B. An accountant.
C. A professor. D. A conductor.
29. The underlined word "outstripping" in Paragraph 2 probably means _____
_.
A. falling far behind of
B. going hand in hand
C. going far ahead of
D. keeping pace with
30. What can we learn from paragraph 2 and 3 ?
A. China's luxury jet market growth is only 2 to 3%.
B. French was once the largest market for red wine in the world before 2013.
C. The luxury jet market in the US shares 25% of the jet consumption in the world.
D. China's red wine consumption has increased to 1.
86 billion bottles since 2013.
31. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Future Private Luxury Consumption in China
B. Chinese Appetite for Luxury Goods and Services
C. The Potential Luxury Jet Market in China
D. The Maturity of the Chinese Consumers
D
Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.
In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across Ac Arctic, temperatures arerising faster than anywhere else in Ac world. As that happens. Tie tree line that marks whereforests stop and the treeless tundra （冻土地带） starts has been shifting northward. Treesgrowing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this, plantstend to grow horizontal ( 水平
的) branches low to the ground. The energy it take, for trees togrow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.
But as Earth's climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Manycan in. Stead grow up, toward Ac sky. This takes less energy. And with all that leftover energy.these trees have started producing more seeds. This happens especially in places where thewhite spruce( 白云杉) grows. White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which canmove long distances in the wind. When wind - blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond Actree line, they eventually can sprout ( 发芽) new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Ofcourse. Ac process would work only if Ac tundra were warm enough. But in recent years, Acwhole pl
新视野大学英语选择题及答案
篇三:preventing,overgrowth,among,tree,branches
1. I'd like to take __________ of this opportunity to
thank all of you for your efforts.
A. profit
B. benefit
C. occasion
D. advantage
2. In copying this paper, be careful not to leave
__________ any words.
A. out
B. alone
C. off
D. behind
3. When doing the wash, it is important to _______
white and colored clothing.
A. compare
B. separate
C. establish
D. contrast
4. We finally __________ an agreement after a lot
of hard argument.
A. reached
B. did
C. arrived
D. drove
5. It is desirable that the airplane ___________ as
light as possible.
A. is
B. were
C. be
D. had been
6. We came finally __________ the conclusion that
she had been telling lies all the time.
A. of
B. into
C. to
D. at
7. I am not used to speaking _________ public.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. to
8. He didn't live up to __________ had been
expected of him.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. all
9. She did not feel ____________ going out, as she
had a slight headache.
A. about
B. like
C. after
D. for
10. The price of gold rose again, partly __________
news about the war.
A. result in
B. go with
C. because
D. due to
11. Responsibilities ____________ becoming a
father.
A. charge for
B. go with
C. save for
D. go through
12. If you __________ in your payment for the house
again, you may get thrown out.
A. fall behind
B. account forpreventing,overgrowth,among,tree,branches。
C. charged for
D. come to
13. The country has ____________ too many wars
in the past few decades; its people are longing for peace so much.
A. prevented from
B. resulted in
C. gone through
D. gone with
14. She wouldn't even take a short rest there,
____________ stay for the night.
A. much more
B. much few
C. much lesser
D. much less跟不用说
15. The president has ____________ his political
advisors over the slow pace of economic change.
A. prevented from
B. charged for
C. accounted for
D. clashed with争论
16. Unless we get more money, we'll be
____________ finishing this project.
A. separated from
B. recovered from
C. prevented from
D. charged from
17. The painter lived more than a decade in Europe,
__________ he could be in close contact with other cubists (立体派艺术家
).
A. where
B. in which
C. that
D. in that
18. _______ Tom is supposed to make an
appointment with the dentist, he says he is too
busy.
A. However
B. Whoever
C. Whenever
D. Whatever
19. I won't make a _______ mistake next time.
A. like
B. same
C. near