【www.myl5520.com--毕业论文】
安卓毕业论文参考文献
篇一:android英文参考文献
安卓毕业论文参考文献
时间：2015-06-06 来源：学术堂 所属分类： 参考文献
安卓毕业论文参考文献一：
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安卓毕业论文参考文献二：
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毕业设计外文参考文献
篇二:android英文参考文献
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安卓系统的操作与应用外文文献翻译2014年译文3000字
篇三:android英文参考文献
文献出处：Philippe Nier, The operation and application of Android system [J]. International Journal on Computer Science & Engineering, 2014，13（05）：15-26
（声明：本译文归百度文库所有，完整译文请到百度文库。）
原文android英文参考文献。
The Operation and Application of Android System
Philippe·Nier
I. INTRODUCTION
Android is a software stack for mobile devices which includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Since its official public release, Android has captured the interest from companies, developers and the general audience. From that time up to now, this software platform has been constantly improved either in terms of features or supported hardware and, at the same time, extended to new types of devices different from the originally intended mobile ones. Google entered into the mobile market not as a handset manufacturer, but by launching mobile platform called as “Android” for mobile devices such as Smart phones, PDA and net books on 5th November 2007. Google has a vision that Android based cell phone will have all the functions available in the latest PC. In order to make this effort possible, Google launched the Open Handset Alliance. Google introduced Android as an OS which runs the powerful applications and gives the users a choice to select their applications and their carriers. The Android platform is made by keeping in mind various sets of users who can use the available capacity within Android at different levels. Android is gaining strength both in the mobile industry and in other industries with different hardware architectures.
The increasing interest from the industry arises from two core aspects: its open-source nature and its architectural model. Being an open-source project, Android allows us to fully analyze and understand it, which enables feature comprehension, bug fixing, further improvements regarding new functionalities and finally, porting to new hardware. On the other hand, its Linux kernel-based architecture model also adds the use of Linux to the mobile industry, allowing to take advantage of the knowledge and
features offered by Linux. The Android platform consists of several layers which provide a complete software stack.
Android applications are Java-based and this factor entails the use of a virtual machine VM environment, with its advantages. Android uses its own VM called Dalvik, which interprets and executes portable Java-style byte code after transforming it, which is optimized to operate on the mobile platform. All of these aspects make Android an appealing target to be used in other type of environments.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: Section II briefly describes the Android’s background including architecture, features & programming framework. Section III presents detailed analysis of Android market including comparison with Symbian & Windows Mobile. Finally Section IV concludes this paper.
II. ANDROID BACKGROUND
A . Android Architecture
Android Architecture is shown in fig1, which consist of number of layers as Applications, Application framework, Libraries, Android runtime & Linux kernel [1]. Application layer is the uppermost layer which provides a set of core applications including an email, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, and others. All applications are written using the Java programming language. It should be mentioned that applications can be run simultaneously; it is possible to hear music and read an email at the same time. The Application Framework is a software framework that is used to implement a standard structure of an application for a specific operating system. With the help of managers, content providers and other services programmers it can reassemble functions used by other existing applications.
Layer which is present below Application framework consist of two parts as Libraries which are all written in C/C++. They will be called through a Java interface. This includes the Surface Manager, 2D and 3D graphics, Media Codecs like MPEG-4 and MP3, the SQL database SQLite and the web browser engine WebKit. Second part is Android Runtime which includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java programming language. Every Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik
virtual machine. The Dalvik VM executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for minimal memory footprint. The lowest layer is Linux Kernel, Android basically relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model. The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest of the software stack.
B. Features of Android
Google Android has many features which make it special, but one important feature is Dalvik virtual machine (DVM) [5]. Which is a major component of Android platform. It is optimized for low memory requirements and is designed to allow multiple VM instances to run at the same time. The DVM runs Java applications. However, it is different from standard Java virtual machine in some ways. First, most virtual machines use a stack-based architecture, but Dalvik is a register-based architecture. Second, Dalvik runs Java applications which have been transformed into the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for minimal memory footprint The Dalvik VM relies on the Linux kernel for underlying functionality such as threading and low-level memory management. Java virtual machine tool interface (JVM TI) is a native programming interface on Java virtual machine. The interface provides functionalities to inspect the state of a virtual machine, gather information during run time, and also control the execution of applications running on the Java virtual machine. Android has built in integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine & built in powerful SQL database engine called SQLite, use for structured data storage. Android support for common audio, video, and still image formats such as AAC, MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AMR, & contains Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, & a plug-in for the Eclipse.
C. Android Programming Framework
The environment requires to develop application for Android consists of the Android SDK, the Eclipse IDE and the Java Development Kit (JDK) which has to be preinstalled for the installation of both, Android SDK and Eclipse. The following versions of the tools mentioned above are used & presented in figure below.
1) Android Software Development Kit: The Android SDK includes a comprehensive set of development tools. These include libraries, a handset emulator, documentation, sample code, tutorials & tools such as dx - Dalvik Cross-Assembler, aapt – Android Asset Packaging Tool & adb– Android Debug Bridge. Applications are written using the Java programming language and run on Dalvik, a custom virtual machine designed for embedded use which runs on top of a Linux kernel. The officially supported integrated development environment (IDE) is Eclipse (3.2 or later)android英文参考文献。
2) Android Emulator: The Android SDK includes a mobile device emulator -- a virtual mobile device that runs on your computer. The emulator lets you prototype, develop, and test Android applications without using a physical device. The Android emulator mimics all of the hardware and software features of a typical mobile device, except that it cannot receive or place actual phone calls. It provides a variety of navigation and control keys, which you can "press" using your mouse or keyboard to generate events for your application. It also provides a screen in which your application is displayed, together with any other Android applications running. To let you model and test your application more easily, the emulator supports Android Virtual Device (AVD) configurations. AVDs let you specify the Android platform that you want to run on the emulator, as well as the hardware options and emulator skin files that you want to use.
III. ANDROID MARKET ANALYSIS
A. Android Market
The Android Market, an online software store, is developed by Google for Android devices. It was made available to users on October 22, 2008. Most of the Android devices come with preinstalled “Market” application which allows users to browse, buy, download, and rate different available applications and other content for mobile phones equipped with the open-source operating system. Unlike with the iPhone App Store, there is no requirement that Android apps should be acquired from Android Market [2]. Android apps may be obtained from any source including a developer's own website. Also, Android developers can create their own application market. Google does not have a strict requirement for the application to show up on the
Android Market compared to the process used by Apple. Lastly, the Android Market follows a 70/30 revenue-sharing model for applications developed by developers. The developers of priced applications receive 70% of the application price and remaining 30% distributes. As of May 04, 2010, Android apps hit around 49,000 applications which were around 12,500 in August 2009 and 20,000 in December 2009. The global smart phone sell in second quarter of 2009 & 2010 are shown bellow.
B. Android vs. Symbian vs. Windows Mobile
Comparison is based on main criteria as follows.
1) Portability: Portability is a very important assessment criterion. Symbian OS has many references in this area and having standardized architecture and the openness to software. But the fact that Symbian mostly runs on Nokia cell phones and that it is not Java based lets it fall behind Android. Unfortunately Windows Mobile also has several applications that are specific to certain hardware platforms and therefore are not portable. The Android Mobile platform is a Linux & Java based which allow us to use it on many different platforms unlike Symbian & Win Mobile. As a result Android gets one point, Symbian OS gets half a point and Windows Mobile zero points.
译文
安卓系统的操作与应用
菲利普·尼埃
1引言
安卓是一个包括操作系统和关键应用程序的移动软件堆栈设备。自谷歌官方公开发布该系统以来，安卓吸引了公司、开发人员和大众的兴趣。从那时到现在，这一软件平台不断的得到改善，支持更多的硬件，同时扩展到许多新类型的设备上。从此，谷歌进入了手机市场而不是作为一个手机制造商，不过谷歌于2007年11月5日推出自己的“Android”的智能手机、PDA等移动设备。谷歌的愿景是安装Android系统的手机将能够拥有与最新的电脑一样的所有功能。为了使这
小米英文参考文献
篇四:android英文参考文献
Top 10 secrets inside Xiaomi's marketing
Updated: 2014-12-17 07:34 (chinadaily.com.cn)
1. Internet thinking is centered on public review
When Google launched its email service Gmail, it entirely relied on public review. The company started with thousands of trial accounts and only took in users under invitation. An invitation code was resold on eBay at 75 pounds (730 yuan).
The social media makes everything horizontal and speeds up the flow of information. Companies can no longer boast about their products, as it's up to consumers to decide whether their product or service is good. They can share their reviews in a nanosecond.
2. To give consumers sense of participation
Consumer behavior has seen a tremendous shift in the past decade, changing from consuming brands into consuming the experience. However, Xiaomi is leading the latest trend of providing consumers with a sense of participation. The company opens its service and product development, allowing users to get involved in the developing and operating process.
3. Turning users into friends
Social network is built on trust and the information flow is to pass on the trust. The more trustworthy a company becomes among its customers, the faster it can build its reputation.
The mission behind Xiaomi's marketing is to be friend with users. Only friends will truly safeguard and help spread your reputation.
4. A good product is the source and engine of good reviews
A good product is the foundation for any good review. The product is 1, and marketing is just 0 that adds behind.
Xiaomi believes customers nowadays are too smart to make purchasing decision based on a well-written line in the advertisement. Users read through product features and compare between different ones. Some may even read the technical details and take an in-depth look at the product at Xiaomi community.
5. Good reviews can be cost-free
When Xiaomi rolled out its first project MIUI, Lei Jun asked Li Wanqiang to attract its first one million users at no cost. Focus on good reviews is the only way. Customers need to voluntarily boast about your product and recommend it to others.
Later when Xiaomi launched its smartphone, the company had no advertisement budget, and turned to new media as its sole promoting channel.
6. Social media main marketing battlefield
Thanks to social media, good reviews can spread faster. Instead of outsourcing to an agency, Xiaomi has hired h